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We also present new results and extension in relation with scale bridging methods and execution multiscale simulation on HPC systems, and discuss open questions related to this topic. A summary of historical developments in parallel and high\u2010performance computing architectures is sketched in Table 3. The switch to parallel microprocessors is a game\u2010changer in the history of computing.76 The advances in parallel hardware and software (implementing multiple input multiple date MIMD instruction) have torpedoed the advances in multiphysics and multiresolution simulations.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n